ESTONIA 25.06.2025
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About the experience of Sopi-Tootsi wind farm: a warning for the future
A recent letter from the Environmental Board to the municipality of Northern Pärnu County brought to the public a problem, which had initially been raised by the Eagle Club: how to protect the black storks nesting near the Sopi-Tootsi wind farm? The Environmental Board forwarded this information along with recommendations to the municipal government. However, the municipal government wiped its hands clean and sent the responsibility completely to the developer - Enefit Green AS.
This case is significant. Not only from the protection point of view of this particular bird pair, but also from the fact that the municipality has decided to approach the assessment of the environmental effects of wind farms superficially.
Actually it was already 2020. this year it will be publicly known that there is a protected black stork nests near Tootsi wind farm. The nest was registered two years after the end of the environmental impact assessment, however, there were no significant changes in the planning following this knowledge. The wind park was given a building permit and information about bird nesting was ignored. Meanwhile, not only the developer was responsible - the responsibility falls on the municipality, whose task is to ensure the fairness of the planning and compliance with the law. Unfortunately, this case showed that economic interest turned out to be more important than environmental obligations and the parish did not fulfill its role as a sufficient accountant for environmental information.
At present, several wind energy plans are in process in Põhja-Pärnumaa municipality. Several areas of development are planned. to go forward in accelerated mode, the environmental impacts are minimally dealt with and in some cases the detailed solution stage is skipped altogether. This means that the environmental impacts – whether they are related to noise, biodiversity or environmental quality – can go unappreciated, be misappreciated, or be viewed just through the fingers, like the management of Sopi-Toots.
If these plans are approved in the same way as Sopi-Tootsi's, the problems of both humans and nature will remain unnoticed in the future. Residents could face low frequency noise, visual disturbances and a drop in property value. At the same time, rare species, such as small frog eagle, hen hawk or just the same black stork, may be in danger and the same pattern repeats - the parish wipes its hands clean and announces that someone else is responsible...
The municipality has the opportunity to do differently. If there is a desire to develop renewable energy responsibly, it must involve a thorough and transparent environmental impact assessment and involving residents and the community. The local government has an obligation to stand up for its residents and the natural environment - not just to build a shoulder and direct all the responsibility elsewhere.
In the case of Sopi-Tootsi, it has already become clear that the environmental impact was inadequate. But who is responsible if these assessments prove to be wrong and the consequences appear only years later? With current plans, there is still a chance to learn from and avoid mistakes, because rushing and reckless action can pay painful revenge in the future.
PS!
1/ Black-stork nest cam is located here
2/ 2020 err article: https://www.err.ee/1149856/tootsi-tuule ... ekure-pesa
3/ 5.06.2025 Environmental Board Letter: https://atp.amphora.ee/pparnumaavv/inde ... uChxbk5T7Q
4/ 20.06.2025 North-Pärnu County's response: https://atp.amphora.ee/pparnumaavv/inde ... jjrkCP7XIg
Discussion to nesting
-
marika.solo
- Site Admin
- Posts: 20043
- Joined: 29 Sep 2021, 09:38
Re: Discussion to nesting
July 02
my today communication with AI about the youngest (much smaller) chick on the nest of Kergu and Kerli (Estonia, Pärnu county)
(btw. I like it when AI corrects its statement after my comments and writes additional arguments supporting my objection.
)
QUESTION 1 Why some black stork chicks are still significantly smaller than their siblings, even though they hatched only 2 or 3 days later?
- The size difference among black stork chicks, even when they hatch only 2 or 3 days apart, is primarily due to hatching asynchrony and a biological strategy called brood reduction.
- The older chicks get a head start on growth, which compounds over time.
- The older, larger chicks are better at competing for food.
QUESTION 2: Can rain and cold in the first week after hatching affect the youngest chicks more?
- Rain and cold in the first week after hatching can significantly affect the youngest black stork chicks more than their older siblings — and in some cases, it can be fatal.
- The younger the chick, the less developed its down feathers and body fat — making it more vulnerable to cold and wet conditions.
(In cold or wet conditions, the larger chicks often monopolise the warmth of the brooding parent, leaving the smallest chick exposed. If the parent can’t fully cover all the chicks during rain or cold, the youngest is most likely to be left out.)
- Bad weather may reduce the parents’ ability to forage and bring back food.
- At the same time, chicks need more energy to stay warm, so the youngest — with the least energy reserves — may not survive the combined stress of hunger + cold.
(Chilled or weak chicks often become lethargic. In active nests, they risk being trampled by larger siblings or neglected by the parents.)
QUESTION 3 Are there other known reasons why the youngest black stork chick can be significantly smaller than its two older siblings?
There are several additional biological and environmental reasons why the youngest black stork chick can be significantly smaller than its older sibling:
- The last egg laid is often smaller or of lower quality due to the female's declining energy reserves late in the laying sequence. This can result in the chick hatching with fewer nutrients, giving it a developmental disadvantage from the start.
(The egg of the youngest chick may have received less consistent incubation (especially if it's on the periphery of the nest. This can lead to slower or uneven embryonic development, which contributes to the chick being weaker or underdeveloped at hatching.)
- Studies in some bird species show that younger chicks may have lower levels of growth-promoting hormones, like testosterone or growth hormone. This can result in reduced growth rates, even with the same amount of food.
- If food supply drops right after the youngest chick hatches, it may be starved out while the older chicks get just enough to survive.
- The timing of insect or amphibian availability in the stork’s territory can be critical.
my today communication with AI about the youngest (much smaller) chick on the nest of Kergu and Kerli (Estonia, Pärnu county)
(btw. I like it when AI corrects its statement after my comments and writes additional arguments supporting my objection.
)QUESTION 1 Why some black stork chicks are still significantly smaller than their siblings, even though they hatched only 2 or 3 days later?
- The size difference among black stork chicks, even when they hatch only 2 or 3 days apart, is primarily due to hatching asynchrony and a biological strategy called brood reduction.
- The older chicks get a head start on growth, which compounds over time.
- The older, larger chicks are better at competing for food.
QUESTION 2: Can rain and cold in the first week after hatching affect the youngest chicks more?
- Rain and cold in the first week after hatching can significantly affect the youngest black stork chicks more than their older siblings — and in some cases, it can be fatal.
- The younger the chick, the less developed its down feathers and body fat — making it more vulnerable to cold and wet conditions.
(In cold or wet conditions, the larger chicks often monopolise the warmth of the brooding parent, leaving the smallest chick exposed. If the parent can’t fully cover all the chicks during rain or cold, the youngest is most likely to be left out.)
- Bad weather may reduce the parents’ ability to forage and bring back food.
- At the same time, chicks need more energy to stay warm, so the youngest — with the least energy reserves — may not survive the combined stress of hunger + cold.
(Chilled or weak chicks often become lethargic. In active nests, they risk being trampled by larger siblings or neglected by the parents.)
QUESTION 3 Are there other known reasons why the youngest black stork chick can be significantly smaller than its two older siblings?
There are several additional biological and environmental reasons why the youngest black stork chick can be significantly smaller than its older sibling:
- The last egg laid is often smaller or of lower quality due to the female's declining energy reserves late in the laying sequence. This can result in the chick hatching with fewer nutrients, giving it a developmental disadvantage from the start.
(The egg of the youngest chick may have received less consistent incubation (especially if it's on the periphery of the nest. This can lead to slower or uneven embryonic development, which contributes to the chick being weaker or underdeveloped at hatching.)
- Studies in some bird species show that younger chicks may have lower levels of growth-promoting hormones, like testosterone or growth hormone. This can result in reduced growth rates, even with the same amount of food.
- If food supply drops right after the youngest chick hatches, it may be starved out while the older chicks get just enough to survive.
- The timing of insect or amphibian availability in the stork’s territory can be critical.
-
marika.solo
- Site Admin
- Posts: 20043
- Joined: 29 Sep 2021, 09:38
Re: Discussion to nesting
July 3
youtube chat (nest of Kergu and Kerli, in Pärnu county in Estonia)
5:12 AM Sandro Walach
Something happened at 06:02:25 that I, someone who knows nothing about birds, found interesting. Anyone know what they were up to? Also the part with them throwing the stuff they regurgitated away?
my answers:
In birds, a pellet is a mass of undigested material that birds regurgitate after feeding.
After eating, the bird's stomach separates digestible parts from indigestible ones. The latter are compacted into a pellet in the gizzard and later coughed or spit out through the mouth.
Birds usually expel pellets hours after feeding—sometimes once or twice a day.
youtube chat (nest of Kergu and Kerli, in Pärnu county in Estonia)
5:12 AM Sandro Walach
Something happened at 06:02:25 that I, someone who knows nothing about birds, found interesting. Anyone know what they were up to? Also the part with them throwing the stuff they regurgitated away?
my answers:
In birds, a pellet is a mass of undigested material that birds regurgitate after feeding.
After eating, the bird's stomach separates digestible parts from indigestible ones. The latter are compacted into a pellet in the gizzard and later coughed or spit out through the mouth.
Birds usually expel pellets hours after feeding—sometimes once or twice a day.
-
marika.solo
- Site Admin
- Posts: 20043
- Joined: 29 Sep 2021, 09:38
Re: Discussion to nesting
Bird sexing, also known as avian sexing, is the process of determining the biological sex of a bird.
DNA can be obtained from various sources, including
- blood (from a toenail clipping),
- feathers (particularly from the breast or chest), or
- eggshells.
A feather is usually taken from a stork for DNA testing when ringing.
DNA can be obtained from various sources, including
- blood (from a toenail clipping),
- feathers (particularly from the breast or chest), or
- eggshells.
A feather is usually taken from a stork for DNA testing when ringing.
-
marika.solo
- Site Admin
- Posts: 20043
- Joined: 29 Sep 2021, 09:38
Re: Discussion to nesting
July 07
Helo everyone
(my today GPT "conversation")
Why in this time (July) more black stork parents has PROBLEM WITH REGURGITATING FOOD for their chick?
In July, black stork parents may have more difficulty regurgitating food for their chicks due to a combination of biological, environmental, and ecological factors. Here are the main reasons this problem may occur around this time:
________________________________________
1. Chick Growth and Increased Nutritional Demands
• By July, black stork chicks are much larger and more demanding.
• Parents may struggle to meet the increased food needs as they near fledging age.
• Regurgitation becomes harder if the adults can’t find or digest enough food quickly.
________________________________________
2. Decreased Food Availability
• Seasonal drying of wetlands and rivers reduces the availability of fish, amphibians, and aquatic invertebrates.
• Insects may decline after early summer peaks.
• If food sources move deeper into water or become scarce, storks have to work harder and longer to find enough, possibly regurgitating less frequently or less successfully.
________________________________________
3. Parental Fatigue and Physical Condition
• After weeks of intense feeding, long flights, and exposure to heat, adult black storks may become exhausted or dehydrated, reducing their ability to regurgitate efficiently.
• Stress or physical wear can affect their digestive efficiency, especially under heat or if they haven’t fed themselves properly.
________________________________________
4. High Temperatures (Heat Stress)
• July often brings hot weather, especially in southern and central Europe.
• Heat can cause dehydration in both chicks and adults.
• Hot conditions may delay or suppress regurgitation if parents are struggling to cool themselves or the nest.
________________________________________
5. Human Disturbance or Habitat Degradation
• July coincides with human activities like agriculture, fishing, and recreation, which can disturb feeding grounds.
• If feeding areas are overused or polluted, storks might have less access to suitable food, which can impact what they bring back to the nest.
________________________________________
6. End of the Breeding Cycle
• Some adult storks may begin preparing for migration or reducing investment in older chicks who are nearly independent.
• This natural shift in priorities can mean fewer feeding trips or less regurgitation effort.
________________________________________
SUMMARY
In July, black stork parents may struggle more with regurgitating food because of:
• Higher food demand by chicks
• Lower food availability in nature
• Parental fatigue
• Heat and dehydration
• Increased human disturbance
If you're observing specific nests or populations, local habitat conditions (drought, river levels, pollution, or prey abundance) are likely the key factors.
We see this every year at streaming black stork nests, especially in males, who are more involved in feeding (they come more often with food and stay with the chicks until they finally fly away)
That’s a very important observation, and it adds meaningful context to the earlier explanation. Here’s an expanded version of your point, incorporated into the translated explanation, and then the Polish translation below:
________________________________________
Additional Factor: Differences Between Male and Female Roles
In many observed nests, especially those monitored via live streams, it's clear that male black storks often take on a larger role in feeding the chicks in the later stages of development—especially in July. Males tend to:
• Bring food more frequently,
• Stay longer with the chicks at the nest,
• Continue feeding right up until fledging.
Because of this higher level of activity and stress during a period when food is harder to find and temperatures are high, males may show more difficulty with regurgitating food, especially late in the breeding season. Their exhaustion or declining physical condition might be more visible than in females, who may have shifted their role earlier.
Helo everyone
(my today GPT "conversation")
Why in this time (July) more black stork parents has PROBLEM WITH REGURGITATING FOOD for their chick?
In July, black stork parents may have more difficulty regurgitating food for their chicks due to a combination of biological, environmental, and ecological factors. Here are the main reasons this problem may occur around this time:
________________________________________
1. Chick Growth and Increased Nutritional Demands
• By July, black stork chicks are much larger and more demanding.
• Parents may struggle to meet the increased food needs as they near fledging age.
• Regurgitation becomes harder if the adults can’t find or digest enough food quickly.
________________________________________
2. Decreased Food Availability
• Seasonal drying of wetlands and rivers reduces the availability of fish, amphibians, and aquatic invertebrates.
• Insects may decline after early summer peaks.
• If food sources move deeper into water or become scarce, storks have to work harder and longer to find enough, possibly regurgitating less frequently or less successfully.
________________________________________
3. Parental Fatigue and Physical Condition
• After weeks of intense feeding, long flights, and exposure to heat, adult black storks may become exhausted or dehydrated, reducing their ability to regurgitate efficiently.
• Stress or physical wear can affect their digestive efficiency, especially under heat or if they haven’t fed themselves properly.
________________________________________
4. High Temperatures (Heat Stress)
• July often brings hot weather, especially in southern and central Europe.
• Heat can cause dehydration in both chicks and adults.
• Hot conditions may delay or suppress regurgitation if parents are struggling to cool themselves or the nest.
________________________________________
5. Human Disturbance or Habitat Degradation
• July coincides with human activities like agriculture, fishing, and recreation, which can disturb feeding grounds.
• If feeding areas are overused or polluted, storks might have less access to suitable food, which can impact what they bring back to the nest.
________________________________________
6. End of the Breeding Cycle
• Some adult storks may begin preparing for migration or reducing investment in older chicks who are nearly independent.
• This natural shift in priorities can mean fewer feeding trips or less regurgitation effort.
________________________________________
SUMMARY
In July, black stork parents may struggle more with regurgitating food because of:
• Higher food demand by chicks
• Lower food availability in nature
• Parental fatigue
• Heat and dehydration
• Increased human disturbance
If you're observing specific nests or populations, local habitat conditions (drought, river levels, pollution, or prey abundance) are likely the key factors.
We see this every year at streaming black stork nests, especially in males, who are more involved in feeding (they come more often with food and stay with the chicks until they finally fly away)
That’s a very important observation, and it adds meaningful context to the earlier explanation. Here’s an expanded version of your point, incorporated into the translated explanation, and then the Polish translation below:
________________________________________
Additional Factor: Differences Between Male and Female Roles
In many observed nests, especially those monitored via live streams, it's clear that male black storks often take on a larger role in feeding the chicks in the later stages of development—especially in July. Males tend to:
• Bring food more frequently,
• Stay longer with the chicks at the nest,
• Continue feeding right up until fledging.
Because of this higher level of activity and stress during a period when food is harder to find and temperatures are high, males may show more difficulty with regurgitating food, especially late in the breeding season. Their exhaustion or declining physical condition might be more visible than in females, who may have shifted their role earlier.
-
marika.solo
- Site Admin
- Posts: 20043
- Joined: 29 Sep 2021, 09:38
Re: Discussion to nesting
Polish translation
Dlaczego w tym czasie (lipiec) więcej rodziców bocianów czarnych ma PROBLEM Z REGURGITACJĄ ŻYWNOŚCI dla swojego pisklęcia?
W lipcu dorosłe bociany czarne mogą mieć większe trudności z wymiotowaniem pokarmu dla swoich piskląt z powodu czynników biologicznych, środowiskowych i ekologicznych. Oto główne przyczyny, dla których ten problem może się pojawiać właśnie o tej porze roku:
________________________________________
1. Wzrost piskląt i większe zapotrzebowanie na pokarm
• W lipcu pisklęta są już znacznie większe i mają większe potrzeby żywieniowe.
• Rodzice mogą mieć trudność z zapewnieniem odpowiedniej ilości pożywienia, zwłaszcza gdy zbliża się okres opuszczania gniazda.
• Wymiotowanie staje się trudniejsze, jeśli dorosłe ptaki nie są w stanie wystarczająco szybko zdobywać i trawić pokarmu.
________________________________________
2. Zmniejszona dostępność pokarmu
• Sezonowe wysychanie rzek i mokradeł zmniejsza dostępność ryb, płazów i bezkręgowców wodnych.
• Liczba owadów może spadać po szczycie wczesnoletnim.
• Jeśli źródła pokarmu są trudniej dostępne, bociany muszą poświęcać więcej czasu i energii na zdobycie jedzenia, co wpływa na częstotliwość i jakość karmienia piskląt.
________________________________________
3. Zmęczenie i pogorszenie kondycji rodziców
• Po wielu tygodniach intensywnego karmienia, lotów i działania w wysokiej temperaturze dorosłe bociany mogą być wyczerpane lub odwodnione, co utrudnia im skuteczne wymiotowanie pokarmu.
• Stres i zmęczenie mogą obniżać wydajność trawienną dorosłych ptaków, zwłaszcza w czasie upałów lub niedożywienia.
________________________________________
4. Wysokie temperatury (stres cieplny)
• Lipiec to często najcieplejszy miesiąc w roku, szczególnie w Europie Środkowej i Południowej.
• Upały powodują odwodnienie zarówno u piskląt, jak i dorosłych.
• Wysoka temperatura może hamować wymiotowanie pokarmu, jeśli ptaki muszą przede wszystkim schładzać siebie i gniazdo.
________________________________________
5. Niepokojenie przez człowieka lub degradacja środowiska
• Lipiec to czas intensywnej działalności ludzkiej, takiej jak rolnictwo, turystyka czy wędkarstwo, co może zakłócać dostęp do terenów żerowiskowych.
• Zanieczyszczenie lub nadmierne wykorzystanie siedlisk może ograniczyć dostępność odpowiedniego pokarmu.
________________________________________
6. Koniec cyklu lęgowego
• Niektóre dorosłe bociany mogą już przygotowywać się do migracji lub zmniejszać inwestycję energetyczną w starsze pisklęta, które stają się bardziej samodzielne.
• To naturalne przesunięcie priorytetów może oznaczać rzadsze karmienie lub mniejszy wysiłek w jego przygotowanie.
________________________________________
Podsumowanie
W lipcu bociany czarne mogą mieć większe problemy z wymiotowaniem pokarmu, ponieważ:
• Pisklęta potrzebują więcej jedzenia,
• Pokarm w naturze staje się trudniej dostępny,
• Rodzice są zmęczeni lub odwodnieni,
• Wysokie temperatury wpływają na ich kondycję,
• Wzrasta zakłócenie środowiska przez ludzi.
Jeśli obserwujesz konkretne gniazda lub populacje, to lokalne warunki środowiskowe (susza, poziom wód, zanieczyszczenie, dostępność ofiar) są prawdopodobnie głównym czynnikiem.
Widzimy to każdego roku w gniazdach bocianów czarnych, zwłaszcza u samców, które są bardziej zaangażowane w karmienie (częściej przylatują z jedzeniem i pozostają z pisklętami, aż w końcu odlatują)
Dodatkowy czynnik: Różnice w rolach samca i samicy
W wielu obserwowanych gniazdach, zwłaszcza tych monitorowanych przez kamery internetowe, widać wyraźnie, że samce bociana czarnego często odgrywają większą rolę w karmieniu piskląt w późniejszych etapach rozwoju – szczególnie w lipcu. Samce:
• Częściej przynoszą pokarm,
• Dłużej przebywają z młodymi w gnieździe,
• Karmią aż do momentu, gdy młode wylecą z gniazda.
Z powodu tej zwiększonej aktywności i stresu w okresie, gdy zdobycie pożywienia jest trudniejsze, a temperatury wysokie, samce mogą mieć wyraźniejsze problemy z wymiotowaniem pokarmu. Ich zmęczenie lub pogarszająca się kondycja fizyczna może być bardziej widoczna niż u samic, które mogą wcześniej ograniczyć swoją aktywność w gnieździe.
Dlaczego w tym czasie (lipiec) więcej rodziców bocianów czarnych ma PROBLEM Z REGURGITACJĄ ŻYWNOŚCI dla swojego pisklęcia?
W lipcu dorosłe bociany czarne mogą mieć większe trudności z wymiotowaniem pokarmu dla swoich piskląt z powodu czynników biologicznych, środowiskowych i ekologicznych. Oto główne przyczyny, dla których ten problem może się pojawiać właśnie o tej porze roku:
________________________________________
1. Wzrost piskląt i większe zapotrzebowanie na pokarm
• W lipcu pisklęta są już znacznie większe i mają większe potrzeby żywieniowe.
• Rodzice mogą mieć trudność z zapewnieniem odpowiedniej ilości pożywienia, zwłaszcza gdy zbliża się okres opuszczania gniazda.
• Wymiotowanie staje się trudniejsze, jeśli dorosłe ptaki nie są w stanie wystarczająco szybko zdobywać i trawić pokarmu.
________________________________________
2. Zmniejszona dostępność pokarmu
• Sezonowe wysychanie rzek i mokradeł zmniejsza dostępność ryb, płazów i bezkręgowców wodnych.
• Liczba owadów może spadać po szczycie wczesnoletnim.
• Jeśli źródła pokarmu są trudniej dostępne, bociany muszą poświęcać więcej czasu i energii na zdobycie jedzenia, co wpływa na częstotliwość i jakość karmienia piskląt.
________________________________________
3. Zmęczenie i pogorszenie kondycji rodziców
• Po wielu tygodniach intensywnego karmienia, lotów i działania w wysokiej temperaturze dorosłe bociany mogą być wyczerpane lub odwodnione, co utrudnia im skuteczne wymiotowanie pokarmu.
• Stres i zmęczenie mogą obniżać wydajność trawienną dorosłych ptaków, zwłaszcza w czasie upałów lub niedożywienia.
________________________________________
4. Wysokie temperatury (stres cieplny)
• Lipiec to często najcieplejszy miesiąc w roku, szczególnie w Europie Środkowej i Południowej.
• Upały powodują odwodnienie zarówno u piskląt, jak i dorosłych.
• Wysoka temperatura może hamować wymiotowanie pokarmu, jeśli ptaki muszą przede wszystkim schładzać siebie i gniazdo.
________________________________________
5. Niepokojenie przez człowieka lub degradacja środowiska
• Lipiec to czas intensywnej działalności ludzkiej, takiej jak rolnictwo, turystyka czy wędkarstwo, co może zakłócać dostęp do terenów żerowiskowych.
• Zanieczyszczenie lub nadmierne wykorzystanie siedlisk może ograniczyć dostępność odpowiedniego pokarmu.
________________________________________
6. Koniec cyklu lęgowego
• Niektóre dorosłe bociany mogą już przygotowywać się do migracji lub zmniejszać inwestycję energetyczną w starsze pisklęta, które stają się bardziej samodzielne.
• To naturalne przesunięcie priorytetów może oznaczać rzadsze karmienie lub mniejszy wysiłek w jego przygotowanie.
________________________________________
Podsumowanie
W lipcu bociany czarne mogą mieć większe problemy z wymiotowaniem pokarmu, ponieważ:
• Pisklęta potrzebują więcej jedzenia,
• Pokarm w naturze staje się trudniej dostępny,
• Rodzice są zmęczeni lub odwodnieni,
• Wysokie temperatury wpływają na ich kondycję,
• Wzrasta zakłócenie środowiska przez ludzi.
Jeśli obserwujesz konkretne gniazda lub populacje, to lokalne warunki środowiskowe (susza, poziom wód, zanieczyszczenie, dostępność ofiar) są prawdopodobnie głównym czynnikiem.
Widzimy to każdego roku w gniazdach bocianów czarnych, zwłaszcza u samców, które są bardziej zaangażowane w karmienie (częściej przylatują z jedzeniem i pozostają z pisklętami, aż w końcu odlatują)
Dodatkowy czynnik: Różnice w rolach samca i samicy
W wielu obserwowanych gniazdach, zwłaszcza tych monitorowanych przez kamery internetowe, widać wyraźnie, że samce bociana czarnego często odgrywają większą rolę w karmieniu piskląt w późniejszych etapach rozwoju – szczególnie w lipcu. Samce:
• Częściej przynoszą pokarm,
• Dłużej przebywają z młodymi w gnieździe,
• Karmią aż do momentu, gdy młode wylecą z gniazda.
Z powodu tej zwiększonej aktywności i stresu w okresie, gdy zdobycie pożywienia jest trudniejsze, a temperatury wysokie, samce mogą mieć wyraźniejsze problemy z wymiotowaniem pokarmu. Ich zmęczenie lub pogarszająca się kondycja fizyczna może być bardziej widoczna niż u samic, które mogą wcześniej ograniczyć swoją aktywność w gnieździe.
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marika.solo
- Site Admin
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Re: Discussion to nesting
July 08
Hello everyone
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On July 4th, Florentino brought only two fish to the nest, but one of them turned out to be particularly large. A fierce fight broke out among the young storks over the "whale." The struggle almost ended with the prey being thrown out of the nest, but in the end, it was Fleon who showed the greatest strength and determination, and it was he who ultimately claimed the
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During the breeding season, the black stork mainly brings small prey to the nest for the chicks: the average length is 101 mm, and the average weight is 14 g. Fish make up 85% of the black stork’s prey mass. The remaining prey consists of amphibians (14%) and small invertebrates (1%). Reptiles appear only occasionally in the black stork’s diet. Among fish, the most important species by mass are: the Prussian carp – 23%, common carp – 18%, and weatherfish – 13%. Among amphibians, the most frequently found in the black stork’s diet were the tadpoles of the common spadefoot and adult individuals of the smooth newt and the moor frog.
Prof. Piotr Zieliński
Hello everyone
FB https://www.facebook.com/LasyPanstwoweL ... 6200283645
On July 4th, Florentino brought only two fish to the nest, but one of them turned out to be particularly large. A fierce fight broke out among the young storks over the "whale." The struggle almost ended with the prey being thrown out of the nest, but in the end, it was Fleon who showed the greatest strength and determination, and it was he who ultimately claimed the
.During the breeding season, the black stork mainly brings small prey to the nest for the chicks: the average length is 101 mm, and the average weight is 14 g. Fish make up 85% of the black stork’s prey mass. The remaining prey consists of amphibians (14%) and small invertebrates (1%). Reptiles appear only occasionally in the black stork’s diet. Among fish, the most important species by mass are: the Prussian carp – 23%, common carp – 18%, and weatherfish – 13%. Among amphibians, the most frequently found in the black stork’s diet were the tadpoles of the common spadefoot and adult individuals of the smooth newt and the moor frog.
Prof. Piotr Zieliński